Know the Science of Complementary Health Approaches: What the Science Says

Did You Know?

1. Some online sources of information on complementary health approaches are useful, but others are inaccurate or misleading. If you're visiting an online health site for the first time or downloading a new app, ask these questions: Who runs or created the site or app? Can you trust them? What is the site or app promising or offering? Do its claims seem too good to be true? When was its information written or reviewed? Is it up-to-date? Where does the information come from? Is it based on scientific research? Why does the site or app exist? Is it selling something?
2. Unless you read and understand the original sources for a health news story, it can be difficult to know whether a news story is misleading or has left out important information. But the likelihood that the story is correct increases if it comes from a media outlet that isn’t trying to promote a point of view or cause, was written by a science or health reporter trained to understand medical findings, and includes quotes from experts not connected to the study (for a more objective take on the findings or to show another point of view).
3. Sometimes taking a prescription drug and dietary supplement together may increase the drug’s effects. The drug’s effects may become too strong, and unwanted side effects may increase. For example, the herb schisandra may slow down the processes in your body that change drugs into inactive substances. So, if you take this herb while you’re also taking a drug, the amount of the drug in your body may increase. As a result, the drug’s effects may be too strong.
4. Sometimes taking a prescription drug and a supplement together may decrease the drug’s effects. This means that you aren’t getting the full benefit from the drug that your health care provider wants you to have. St. John’s wort is one popular herbal supplement that is especially known for decreasing the effects of drugs. It does this by speeding up the processes in your body that change drugs into inactive substances.
5. When it comes to medicine, there is no official definition for use of the term natural. And it’s important to know that a medicinal product labeled natural does not always mean safe. For example, the herbs comfrey and kava may be considered natural products, but they can cause serious harm to the liver. 
6. Although many herbal or dietary supplements (and some prescription drugs) come from natural sources, “natural” does not always mean that it’s a better option for your health. An herbal supplement may contain dozens of chemical compounds, and all of its ingredients may not be known. Scientists are studying many of these products to identify what ingredients may be active and to better understand their effects in the body.
7. Clinical trials to test whether a treatment is useful and safe in humans may vary in size and type. While all research studies are important and contribute to our knowledgebase, clinical trials are the types of studies you probably hear about most often in the news. They can have the most immediate impact on improving health and treating disease. Well-planned clinical trials are done with people and may vary in size and type. Clinical trials give the clearest information about whether a treatment or a lifestyle change is effective and safe in humans. However, because they are complicated, lengthy, involve many research participants, and can be very expensive, they are usually done only after smaller preliminary studies have been completed.
8. The number of people participating in a study, or the sample size, can affect the outcome of a study and what the results mean. Small sample sizes may produce inconclusive results and are more likely to produce results due to chance. Large sample sizes may give more reliable results and may better reflect the population. Large sample sizes may increase the chances that the result was accurate.
9. The strongest evidence about whether a treatment is useful and safe consists of results from several studies by different investigators. Rarely does a single study provide a final, definitive answer. There is a need for a study to be replicated, which involves repeating a study using the same methods but with different volunteers and investigators. Replication of a study gives more confidence that the results are reliable and valid. 
10. When looking for information from a study published in a medical journal, try to find out if the study has been peer-reviewed. The peer-review process subjects an author’s research to the scrutiny of others who are experts in the same field (peers) and is considered necessary to ensure academic scientific quality.